I need to assign to an user role the capabilities for the user to only edit his own uploaded files (instead of edit all files like happen for the capability upload_files). Considering that there is not a native capability for that, how can I achieve the desired result?
I believe you could:
That approach depends on the "upload_files" check passing what you need via the "$args" parameter.
So, you'll have to do some testing - and if it doesn't do what you need, you might need to hunt for a different filter.