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c++opencvimage-segmentationwatershed

OpenCV Watershed segmentation miss some objects

My code is the same as this tutorial. When I see the result image after using cv::watershed(), there is a object(upper-right) that I want to find out, but it's missing. There are indeed six marks in image after using cv::drawContours(). Is this normal because the inaccuracy of the watershed algorithm exist?

Here is part of my code:

Mat src = imread("result01.png");

Mat gray;
cvtColor(src, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

Mat thresh;
threshold(gray, thresh, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_OTSU);

// noise removal
Mat kernel = Mat::ones(3, 3, CV_8UC1);
Mat opening;
morphologyEx(thresh, opening, MORPH_OPEN, kernel, Point(-1, -1), 2);

// Perform the distance transform algorithm
Mat dist_transform;
distanceTransform(opening, dist_transform, CV_DIST_L2, 5);

// Normalize the distance image for range = {0.0, 1.0}
// so we can visualize and threshold it
normalize(dist_transform, dist_transform, 0, 1., NORM_MINMAX);

// Threshold to obtain the peaks
// This will be the markers for the foreground objects
Mat dist_thresh;
threshold(dist_transform, dist_thresh, 0.5, 1., CV_THRESH_BINARY);

Mat dist_8u;
dist_thresh.convertTo(dist_8u, CV_8U);

// Find total markers
vector<vector<Point> > contours;
findContours(dist_8u, contours, CV_RETR_EXTERNAL, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

// Create the marker image for the watershed algorithm
Mat markers = Mat::zeros(dist_thresh.size(), CV_32SC1);

// Draw the foreground markers
for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++)
    drawContours(markers, contours, static_cast<int>(i), Scalar::all(static_cast<int>(i)+1), -1);

// Perform the watershed algorithm
watershed(src, markers);

Original image:

enter image description here

Result after watershed:

enter image description here

You can find original, intermediate and result image here:

Result images after specific process

Solution

  • In your example, what you consider background is given the same label (5) as the "missing" object.

    You can easily adjust this by setting a label (>0) to background, too. You can find what is for sure background dilating and negating the thresh image. Then, when creating a marker, you define the labels as:

    • 0: unknown
    • 1: background
    • >1 : your objects

    In your output image, markers will have:

    • -1 : the edges between objects
    • 0: the background (as intended by watershed)
    • 1: the background (as you defined)
    • >1 : your objects.

    This code should help:

    #include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

int main()
{
    Mat3b src = imread("path_to_image");

    Mat1b gray;
    cvtColor(src, gray, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);

    Mat1b thresh;
    threshold(gray, thresh, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY | THRESH_OTSU);

    // noise removal
    Mat1b kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(3,3));
    Mat1b opening;
    morphologyEx(thresh, opening, MORPH_OPEN, kernel, Point(-1, -1), 2);

    Mat1b kernelb = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(21, 21));
    Mat1b background;
    morphologyEx(thresh, background, MORPH_DILATE, kernelb);
    background = ~background;

    // Perform the distance transform algorithm
    Mat1f dist_transform;
    distanceTransform(opening, dist_transform, CV_DIST_L2, 5);

    // Normalize the distance image for range = {0.0, 1.0}
    // so we can visualize and threshold it
    normalize(dist_transform, dist_transform, 0, 1., NORM_MINMAX);

    // Threshold to obtain the peaks
    // This will be the markers for the foreground objects
    Mat1f dist_thresh;
    threshold(dist_transform, dist_thresh, 0.5, 1., CV_THRESH_BINARY);

    Mat1b dist_8u;
    dist_thresh.convertTo(dist_8u, CV_8U);

    // Find total markers
    vector<vector<Point> > contours;
    findContours(dist_8u, contours, CV_RETR_EXTERNAL, CV_CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);

    // Create the marker image for the watershed algorithm
    Mat1i markers(dist_thresh.rows, dist_thresh.cols, int(0));

    // Background as 1
    Mat1i one(markers.rows, markers.cols, int(1));
    bitwise_or(one, markers, markers, background);

    // Draw the foreground markers (from 2 up)
    for (int i = 0; i < int(contours.size()); i++)
        drawContours(markers, contours, i, Scalar(i+2), -1);

    // Perform the watershed algorithm
    Mat3b dbg;
    cvtColor(opening, dbg, COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
    watershed(dbg, markers);

    Mat res;
    markers.convertTo(res, CV_8U);
    normalize(res, res, 0, 255, NORM_MINMAX);

    return 0;
}

    Result:

    enter image description here