How do "and" and "or" work when combined in one statement?

Question

For some reason this function confused me:

def protocol(port):
    return port == "443" and "https://" or "http://"

Can somebody explain the order of what's happening behind the scenes to make this work the way it does.

I understood it as this until I tried it:

Either A)

def protocol(port):
    if port == "443":
        if bool("https://"):
            return True
    elif bool("http://"):
        return True
    return False

Or B)

def protocol(port):
    if port == "443":
        return True + "https://"
    else:
        return True + "http://"

Is this some sort of special case in Python, or am I completely misunderstanding how statements work?

Answer 1

It's an old-ish idiom; inserting parentheses to show priority,

(port == "443" and "https://") or "http://"

x and y returns y if x is truish, x if x is falsish; a or b, vice versa, returns a if it's truish, otherwise b.

So if port == "443" is true, this returns the RHS of the and, i.e., "https://". Otherwise, the and is false, so the or gets into play and returns `"http://", its RHS.

In modern Python, a better way to do translate this old-ish idiom is:

"https://" if port == "443" else "http://"