I am having a strange problem of using interface in different versions of Delphi. The following minimized code compiles and runs as expected in Delphi XE and higher but not in Delphi 7. Specificaly, it seems when compiling in Delphi 7, the function TForm1.Load: IMoleculeSubject;
does not returns the correct result, i.e., the correct reference to the newly created instance. Could you help to comment about the reason and possible workaround? Many thanks!
unit uInterface;
interface
type
IMoleculeSubject = interface
['{BEB4425A-186C-45DF-9DCE-C7175DB0CA90}']
end;
TMoleculeSubject = class(TInterfacedObject, IMoleculeSubject)
end;
implementation
end.
unit uBusiness;
interface
uses
uInterface;
type
TMoleculeDecorator = class(TMoleculeSubject)
private
FID: Integer;
public
property ID: Integer read FID;
constructor Create;
end;
implementation
{ TMoleculeDecorator }
constructor TMoleculeDecorator.Create;
begin
inherited Create;
FID := Random(100);
end;
end.
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
uInterface, uBusiness,
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls,
Forms, Dialogs;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
private
function Load: IMoleculeSubject;
public
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
MolSubject: IMoleculeSubject;
begin
MolSubject := Load;
// The down-cast is to show the returned result is wrong in Delphi 7!
Caption := IntToStr(TMoleculeDecorator(MolSubject).ID);
end;
function TForm1.Load: IMoleculeSubject;
var
MolSubject: IMoleculeSubject;
begin
MolSubject := TMoleculeDecorator.Create;
Result := MolSubject;
end;
end.
The Load
function works perfectly well in all versions of Delphi. The problem is your cast, which is what is known as an unsafe typecast. An unsafe typecast from an interface reference to an object has ill-defined behaviour in older versions of Delphi. However, the behaviour is well-defined in modern Delphi. The documentation says more.
So, the basic problem is that your expectations for the behaviour are not compatible with the Delphi 7 version of the language.
If you get the interface to return the ID you will find that the interface you are creating is as expected.
program InterfaceDemo;
{$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
uses
Classes;
type
IMyIntf = interface
function GetID: Integer;
end;
TImplementingObject = class(TInterfacedObject, IMyIntf)
private
FID: Integer;
function GetID: Integer;
public
constructor Create;
end;
{ TImplementingObject }
constructor TImplementingObject.Create;
begin
FID := Random(100);
Writeln(FID);
end;
function TImplementingObject.GetID: Integer;
begin
Result := FID;
end;
var
MyIntf: IMyIntf;
begin
Randomize;
MyIntf := TImplementingObject.Create;
Writeln(MyIntf.GetID);
Readln;
end.
It's rather unusual to ask for the implementing object from an interface. To do so suggests that there is a problem with your design. Should you really need to do so there are a few options:
as
operator.The latter option works in all versions of Delphi and does so without resorting to subterfuge.