Member function pointer runtime error - The value of ESP was not properly saved across a function call

Question

I've been searching for answers to this problem for the past hour but can't find a solution that works. I'm trying to use function pointers to call a non-static member function of a specific object. My code compiles fine, but during runtime I get a nasty runtime exception that says:

Run-Time Check Failure #0 - The value of ESP was not properly saved across a function call. This is usually a result of calling a function declared with one calling convention with a function pointer declared with a different calling convention.

A lot of websites said to specify the calling convention in the method header, so I added __cdecl before it. However, my code encountered the same runtime exception after the change (I tried using other calling conventions as well). I'm not sure why I have to specify cdecl in the first place because my project settings are set to cdecl. I am using some external libraries, but those were working fine before I added this function pointer stuff.

I'm following this: https://stackoverflow.com/a/151449

My code:

A.h

#pragma once

class B;
typedef void (B::*ReceiverFunction)();

class A
{
public:
    A();
    ~A();
    void addEventListener(ReceiverFunction receiverFunction);
};

A.cpp

#include "A.h"

A::A(){}
A::~A(){}
void A::addEventListener(ReceiverFunction receiverFunction)
{
    //Do nothing
}

B.h

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include "A.h"

class B
{
public:
    B();
    ~B();
    void testFunction();
    void setA(A* a);
    void addEvent();

private:
    A* a;

};

B.cpp

#include "B.h"

B::B(){}
B::~B(){}

void B::setA(A* a)
{
    this->a = a;
}
void B::addEvent()
{
    a->addEventListener(&B::testFunction); //This is the offending line for the runtime exception
}
void B::testFunction()
{
    //Nothing here
}

main.cpp

#include "A.h"
#include "B.h"

int main()
{
    A* a = new A();
    B* b = new B();
    b->setA(a);
    b->addEvent();
}

I'm running with Visual Studio 2010, but I'd like my code to work on other platforms with minimal changes.

Answer 1

This is a known problem, necessary ingredients are a member pointer declaration using an incomplete class and having it used in different translation units. An optimization in the MSVC compiler, it uses different internal representations for a member pointers depending on the inheritance.

The workaround is to compile with /vmg or to declare the inheritance explicitly:

class __single_inheritance B;
typedef void (B::*ReceiverFunction)();