I want to store map data and operation data using JanusGraph. Like Oracle TableSpace, I want to create a program that divides and stores map data and operation data by date, and then searches for operation data related to desired map data by desired date. Is this possible since it wouldn't require searching through all dates?
Creating a separate SQL table or graph per date sounds like a cumbersome idea. It makes data management much more complex and precludes all kinds of use cases, in particular analytical queries involving multiple dates.
You can simply rely on the power of indexing and its log(N) scaling law. For JanusGraph, see this (admittedly dense) documentation and note that you can create indices for combinations of properties (in particular date and some other property).