I have questions about mqtt wildcards (i am using the mosqitto broker): say i have somewhere between 1-2k topics. I run an observe (using ngx-mqtt) on them in my frontend with a single level wildcard.
The broker receives a single subscription for what ever wildcard topic pattern you supply.
Every message published to the broker is checked against that pattern, if it matches it is sent to the client.
The client will have a single call back for that topic pattern, how it chooses to split that up is likely to be at the developers choice.
We can't answer the last question about if fewer large message vs many small messages as we don't know anything about your data, how it is produced and consumed.