I've been looking online and at my registry and I think not, but it would be nice if we could get a definitive answer on here.
Just the run time, as in for re-use on the client side.
I see it is possible for VC10, http://blogs.msdn.com/b/astebner/archive/2010/05/05/10008146.aspx, but prior to that we need to call the MsiQueryProductState API. Perhaps just give all the clients MSVCR100.DLL already?
It is still possible to do a private install of the Dll's into the application's folder. I recently installed 3 different version of the VC9 runtime when I was setting up my Visual Studio Express environments. All show up in Control Panel and appear to be readily removable.
For that reason I believe the current best practise to be to perform a private install (I think that is the terminolgy MS uses) of the required DLL's (for managed code you need the managed DLL and the native version) in tha app's folder.