is there a null stream? optional printing

Question

I use functions like

void doStuff(type thing, bool print = false, std::ostream& S = std::cout)
{
    thing++;
    if(print)
        S << "new thing: " << thing << '\n';
}

so that I can use the same function and decide on call if I want it to print documentation of what is happening and if I wish I can print that on seperate streams -I don't know if I can even do that with std::ostream-

I now believe that it will be better to do

void doStuff(type thing, std::ostream& S = NULL)
{
    thing++;
    if(S)
        S << "new thing: " << thing << '\n';
}

but that doesn't work as std::ostream doesn't accept NULL

questions:
-is there some kind of constant of the stream type that stops the if condition?
-can I use a different type of stream that is more flexible to accept streams like string streams and file streams?
-is there a better way to handle flexible documentation?

Answer 1

Writing own streams is not difficult and can be found in good books.

I created a "NULL" stream class for you.

Please see the very simple example below.

#include <iostream>

// This is a stream which does not output anything
class NullStream : public std::ostream
{
    // streambuffer doing nothing
    class NullBuffer : public std::streambuf
    {
    public:
        int overflow(int c) noexcept override { return c; }
    } nullBuffer;

public:
#pragma warning(suppress: 26455)
    NullStream() : std::ostream(&nullBuffer) {}
    NullStream(const NullStream&) = delete;
    NullStream& operator=(const NullStream&) = delete;
};


// Define a global null stream
NullStream nout;

void doStuff(int& i, std::ostream& stream = nout)
{
    i++;
    stream << i << '\n';
}

int main() {

    int i{};
    doStuff(i, std::cout);
    doStuff(i, std::cout);
    doStuff(i, std::cout);
    doStuff(i);
    doStuff(i);
    doStuff(i);
    doStuff(i, std::cout);
}