How to properly log error object in javascript

I am a fairly new to web development and have not given much thought to error. But today I noticed something I have to use json.stringyfy() to see the entire error object. Also message key is not shown in statement 2 but when I print error.message I get a message instead of undefined. "message" is not even a key(check statement 4) but still logging error.message logs a value(typeof(error.message) is string) .

 try {
           //Some error occours
    } catch (error) {
        console.log(JSON.stringify(error)) //statement 1
        console.error(error) //statement 2
        console.log(error.message) //statement 3
        console.log(Object.keys(error)) //statement 4
    }

statement 1 logs

MongoServerError: E11000 duplicate key error collection: trendyApp.Markets index: name_1 dup key: { name: "murat market" }
    at D:\web projects\trendyApp\server\node_modules\mongodb\lib\operations\insert.js:51:33
    at D:\web projects\trendyApp\server\node_modules\mongodb\lib\cmap\connection_pool.js:273:25
    at handleOperationResult (D:\web projects\trendyApp\server\node_modules\mongodb\lib\sdam\server.js:363:9)
    at MessageStream.messageHandler (D:\web projects\trendyApp\server\node_modules\mongodb\lib\cmap\connection.js:474:9)
    at MessageStream.emit (events.js:375:28)
    at processIncomingData (D:\web projects\trendyApp\server\node_modules\mongodb\lib\cmap\message_stream.js:108:16)
    at MessageStream._write (D:\web projects\trendyApp\server\node_modules\mongodb\lib\cmap\message_stream.js:28:9)
    at writeOrBuffer (internal/streams/writable.js:358:12)
    at MessageStream.Writable.write (internal/streams/writable.js:303:10)
    at TLSSocket.ondata (internal/streams/readable.js:726:22) {
  index: 0,
  code: 11000,
  keyPattern: { name: 1 },
  keyValue: { name: 'murat market' }
}

statement 2 logs

{"index":0,"code":11000,"keyPattern":{"name":1},"keyValue":{"name":"murat market"}}

statement 3 logs

E11000 duplicate key error collection: trendyApp.Markets index: name_1 dup key: { name: "murat market" }

I saw this behavior while I was making an express application and the error is generated by mongoose but I think this would be common throughout javascript

statement 4 logs

[ 'index', 'code', 'keyPattern', 'keyValue' ]

Solution

"message" is not even a key(check statement 4)

It is, but Object.keys is designed to list enumerable properties, and message is not enumerable.

In the ECMAScript specification, we see in the section on the Error constructor that the constructor creates its message (and other properties) with the procedure:

Perform CreateNonEnumerableDataPropertyOrThrow(O, "message", msg).

Other -- custom -- properties can of course be added to Error objects by JavaScript code, which explains why other properties are listed by Object.keys().

As to the output of console.log: the console API implementation has a lot of freedom on how to display objects -- lot's of differences can be found between implementations.

To also output those non-enumerable properties, use

console.log(Object.getOwnPropertyNames(error))