How can I display a sudoku solution as an image using C
I made a backtracking code which solves a sudoku and I want to display it on the screen using C libraries. I know that I can use GTK, but I think it is too complicated for my level.
How can I create an image with the solution displayed on a sudoku grid. It doesn't need to create the grid too, it is ok if I use an image with a grid as an input. So basically, I have a matrix (the sudoku solution) and I want to display it as an image.
I mention that I use VSC on a Virtual Machine with Mint.
From my top comments ...
I assume you already have a 2D matrix that represents your board position.
You might consider using SDL2 instead of GTK as it's much simpler and can display directly to a window.
Or, you can create an image file and then use system to invoke a display program (e.g. ImageMagick's display command). It's pretty easy to output a .bmp file.
Or, you could create a .ppm format file--that's even simpler.
You could even output text graphics as a sudoku representation isn't too complex.
ImageMagick's convert can convert a format to any other format.
Thank you for your help! I still have a question. @CraigEstey, How do I convert my 2D matrix who looks like a sudoku into a matrix that can be displayed as a ppm or bmp. I assume that I need to have a matrix of pixels for that. – Ionut Becheru
Yes, you'll need a pixel matrix.
But, if you just create that yourself, you'll have to create a bunch of drawing primitives for drawing rectangles, drawing text fonts, adding colors, etc. In particular, drawing text into an image is complicated (we need a font definition).
So, once again, I suggest using a graphics package that does all that for you. And, again, I suggest SDL2.
In addition to the development package for SDL2, [on fedora, at least], you'll need to install the development package for SDL2_ttf. And, you'll need the font packages.
So, you'll need:
SDL2-devel
SDL2_ttf-devel
gnu-free-sans-fonts
gnu-free-fonts-common
The following code is adapted and enhanced from: How to render text in SDL2?
I added the grid drawing, box drawing, adapted the text draw to draw the sudoku numbers inside their boxes, and saving of the image to a .ppm file.
To build, do (e.g.):
cc -o sudrend sudrend.c `pkg-config --libs --cflags SDL2_ttf` -g
Here is the code. It's a bit messy [and crude] but it works:
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
#include <SDL2/SDL_ttf.h>
#if 0
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 512
#endif
#if 0
#define WINDOW_WIDTH (64 * 9)
#endif
#if 1
#define WINDOW_WIDTH (32 * 9)
#endif
#define WINDOW_HEIGHT (WINDOW_WIDTH)
#define GRIDMAX (WINDOW_WIDTH / 3)
#define SUDBOXMAX 3
#define SUDXMAX (SUDBOXMAX * 3)
#define SUDYMAX (SUDBOXMAX * 3)
typedef int board_t[SUDYMAX][SUDXMAX];
typedef unsigned char byte;
typedef struct {
byte r;
byte g;
byte b;
#ifdef PIX32
byte a;
#endif
} pixel_t;
board_t brd;
TTF_Font *font;
/*
- x, y: upper left corner.
- texture, rect: outputs.
*/
void
get_text_and_rect(SDL_Renderer *renderer,
int x, int y,
char *text, TTF_Font *font,
SDL_Texture **texture, SDL_Rect *rect)
{
int text_width;
int text_height;
SDL_Surface *surface;
#if 0
SDL_Color textColor = { 255, 255, 255, 0 };
#endif
#if 0
SDL_Color textColor = { 237, 135, 45, 0 };
#endif
#if 1
SDL_Color textColor = { 255, 69, 0, 0 };
#endif
surface = TTF_RenderText_Solid(font,text,textColor);
*texture = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer,surface);
text_width = surface->w;
text_height = surface->h;
SDL_FreeSurface(surface);
rect->x = x;
rect->y = y;
rect->w = text_width;
rect->h = text_height;
}
// genboard -- generate sudoku board
void
genboard(board_t brd)
{
for (int y = 0; y < SUDYMAX; ++y) {
for (int x = 0; x < SUDYMAX; ++x)
brd[y][x] = 0;
}
int maxpt = (rand() % (SUDYMAX * SUDXMAX)) + 1;
for (int curpt = 0; curpt < maxpt; ++curpt) {
int y = rand() % SUDYMAX;
int x = rand() % SUDYMAX;
int val = rand() % 10;
brd[y][x] = val;
}
}
// prtboard -- print sudoku board as text
void
prtboard(board_t brd)
{
for (int y = 0; y < SUDYMAX; ++y) {
if ((y % 3) == 0)
printf("\n");
for (int x = 0; x < SUDYMAX; ++x) {
if ((x % 3) == 0)
printf(" ");
int val = brd[y][x];
if (val == 0)
printf(" *");
else
printf(" %d",val);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void
drawgrid(SDL_Renderer *renderer)
{
int gridmax;
int boxmax;
SDL_Rect rect;
#if 0
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0xFF, 0, 0);
#endif
#if 0
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer,143,188,143,0);
#endif
#if 1
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer,0,0,139,0);
#endif
gridmax = GRIDMAX;
boxmax = SUDYMAX;
for (int ybox = 0; ybox < boxmax; ++ybox) {
int ybase = ybox * gridmax;
rect.y = ybase;
rect.h = gridmax;
for (int xbox = 0; xbox < boxmax; ++xbox) {
int xbase = xbox * gridmax;
rect.x = xbase;
rect.w = gridmax;
SDL_RenderDrawRect(renderer,&rect);
}
}
}
void
drawbox(SDL_Renderer *renderer)
{
int gridmax;
int boxmax;
SDL_Rect rect;
#if 0
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 216, 0, 0);
#else
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer,255,250,205,0);
#endif
gridmax = GRIDMAX / 3;
boxmax = SUDYMAX * 3;
for (int ybox = 0; ybox < boxmax; ++ybox) {
int ybase = ybox * gridmax;
rect.y = ybase;
rect.h = gridmax;
for (int xbox = 0; xbox < boxmax; ++xbox) {
int xbase = xbox * gridmax;
rect.x = xbase;
rect.w = gridmax;
SDL_RenderDrawRect(renderer,&rect);
}
}
}
void
drawtext(SDL_Renderer *renderer)
{
int gridmax;
int boxmax_y;
int boxmax_x;
SDL_Rect grect;
SDL_Rect trect;
SDL_Texture *texture;
char buf[2];
#if 0
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 255, 216, 0, 0);
#endif
#if 0
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer,255,250,205,0);
#endif
#if 1
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer,0,0,0,0);
#endif
gridmax = GRIDMAX / 3;
#if 0
boxmax_y = SUDYMAX * 3;
boxmax_x = SUDXMAX * 3;
#else
boxmax_y = SUDYMAX;
boxmax_x = SUDXMAX;
#endif
for (int ybox = 0; ybox < boxmax_y; ++ybox) {
int ybase = ybox * gridmax;
grect.y = ybase + gridmax / 3;
grect.h = gridmax / 3;
for (int xbox = 0; xbox < boxmax_x; ++xbox) {
int chr = brd[ybox][xbox];
if (chr != 0)
buf[0] = chr + '0';
else
buf[0] = ' ';
buf[1] = 0;
get_text_and_rect(renderer, 0, 0, buf, font, &texture, &trect);
int xbase = xbox * gridmax;
grect.x = xbase + gridmax / 3;
grect.w = gridmax / 3;
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, texture, &trect, &grect);
SDL_DestroyTexture(texture);
}
}
}
// imgsave -- save image to P6 .ppm file
void
imgsave(SDL_Renderer *renderer,int imgno)
{
int pitch;
FILE *xf;
char file[1000];
pixel_t *pixmap;
pitch = sizeof(pixel_t) * WINDOW_WIDTH;
pixmap = malloc(pitch * WINDOW_HEIGHT);
// get pixel map from renderer image
#ifdef PIX32
SDL_RenderReadPixels(renderer,NULL,SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA32,pixmap,pitch);
#else
SDL_RenderReadPixels(renderer,NULL,SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGB24,pixmap,pitch);
#endif
sprintf(file,"img%3.3d.ppm",imgno);
xf = fopen(file,"w");
fprintf(xf,"P6\n");
fprintf(xf,"%d %d",WINDOW_WIDTH,WINDOW_HEIGHT);
fprintf(xf," %d\n",255);
#ifdef PIX32
pixel_t *pixcur = &pixmap[0];
pixel_t *pixlim = &pixmap[WINDOW_WIDTH * WINDOW_HEIGHT];
for (; pixcur < pixlim; ++pixcur) {
fputc(pixcur->r,xf);
fputc(pixcur->g,xf);
fputc(pixcur->b,xf);
}
#else
fwrite(pixmap,sizeof(pixel_t),WINDOW_WIDTH * WINDOW_HEIGHT,xf);
#endif
fclose(xf);
free(pixmap);
}
void
fontinit(const char *font_tail)
{
const char *dir;
char font_path[1000];
TTF_Init();
for (int idx = 0; idx <= 1; ++idx) {
switch (idx) {
case 0:
dir = NULL;
break;
default: // NOTE: my system needed this
dir = "/usr/share/fonts/gnu-free";
break;
}
if (dir == NULL)
strcpy(font_path,font_tail);
else
sprintf(font_path,"%s/%s",dir,font_tail);
font = TTF_OpenFont(font_path, 24);
if (font != NULL)
break;
}
if (font == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: font not found\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
SDL_Event event;
SDL_Renderer *renderer;
SDL_Window *window;
char *font_path;
int quit;
switch (argc) {
case 1:
font_path = "FreeSans.ttf";
break;
case 2:
font_path = argv[1];
break;
default:
fprintf(stderr, "error: too many arguments\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
break;
}
genboard(brd);
prtboard(brd);
/* Inint TTF. */
SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_TIMER | SDL_INIT_VIDEO);
SDL_CreateWindowAndRenderer(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, 0, &window,
&renderer);
fontinit(font_path);
#if 0
SDL_Rect rect1, rect2;
SDL_Texture *texture1, *texture2;
get_text_and_rect(renderer, 0, 0, "hello", font, &texture1, &rect1);
get_text_and_rect(renderer, 0, rect1.y + rect1.h, "world", font,
&texture2, &rect2);
#endif
quit = 0;
while (1) {
while (SDL_PollEvent(&event) == 1) {
if (event.type == SDL_QUIT)
quit = 1;
}
if (quit)
break;
// set background
#if 0
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 0);
#else
SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer,135,206,250,0);
#endif
SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
drawbox(renderer);
drawgrid(renderer);
drawtext(renderer);
/* Use TTF textures. */
#if 0
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, texture1, NULL, &rect1);
SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, texture2, NULL, &rect2);
#endif
imgsave(renderer,0);
SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
}
/* Deinit TTF. */
#if 0
SDL_DestroyTexture(texture1);
SDL_DestroyTexture(texture2);
#endif
TTF_Quit();
SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
SDL_Quit();
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
Here is the text output of the program (Note that the program just generates a random test matrix that may or may not be a valid sudoku):
2 4 7 9 * 7 * 6 *
* 6 * * * * 9 * 1
7 1 * * * 3 * * 6
* * 6 * 7 * 5 7 *
* * 9 * 5 * * * *
* * 7 3 * * * 8 *
7 * 1 * * * 2 * 8
5 * 6 * 2 6 * * *
* 2 * * * * * * 3
Here is the image file that was generated. The program saved it to img000.ppm. I then did: convert img000.ppm img000.png [using ImageMagick's convert]
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