As far as I know, sections like .init, .preinit_array, .init_array, .finit, .fini_array... found in STM32CubeIDE linkerscripts are used in C++ for calling the static objects' constructors that need to be executed before main (and the fini versions for the destructors).
My assumption is that these sections are used by functions called implicitly by the compiler and the C/C++ runtime libraries, but if your firmware is written in C, are all these sections really needed? What does the compiler do behind the scenes?
You can live without many of them.
Other than C++, some of them may initialize things required by the standard library. If you only call pure functions from the standard library and you only have code in C or assembly then you could try taking them out.
If you are trying to do this as a learning exercise, then take them out and just see what doesn't work. Also search on google, there are loads of sites that explain this sort of thing in a way that is far too long to reproduce here.
If you are just trying to get your project finished, then leave them alone. They only add a tiny amount to your program size and it isn't worth your time to fight with them.