Why does data get assigned without an extra copy being created, in an initialization list?

Question

Parashift explains initialization lists well, but does not explain why an extra copy of a variable is created before assignment in the ctor body, but no extra copy is created when assigned through an initialization list.
I've even come across advice of using ++i instead of i++ because the former avoids creation of a temporary i before assignment. Is it the same for POD's assigned in a ctor body? A temp variable gets created before the assignment happens?

To put it another way, why does the compiler need to create an extra copy of a variable? Why can't it just assign the variable directly?
Why?

Answer 1

Consider the following:

struct C { 
    C() { /* construct the object */ }
};

struct X {
    C member;

    X() { member = C(); }
};

The X() constructor is the same as if you had said:

X() : member() { member = C(); }

First, the C constructor is called to construct the member data member. Then the body of X is executed, a second, temporary C object is created and assigned to member, then the temporary is destroyed.

---

Note that this is only the case for types that are initialized automatically. If member was of type int or of a POD class type (as examples), it would be uninitalized when the body of the X constructor is entered.

For such types it doesn't really matter from a performance standpoint whether you initialize the data member in the initialization list or assign to the data member in the body of the constructor; the difference is entirely stylistic. Where possible, the initialization list should still be preferred for the sake of consistency.