Converting a Java Keystore into PEM Format

Question

I am trying to convert from a Java keystore file into a PEM file using keytool and openssl applications. However, I could not find an ideal way to do the conversion. Any thoughts?

Instead of converting the keystore directly into PEM, I tried to create a PKCS12 file first and then convert it into a relevant PEM file and Keystore. However, I could not establish a connection using them.

(Note that I need a PEM file and a Keystore file to implement a secured connection. There is no restriction like "Start from a java keystore file". So starting from other formats is acceptable in my case)

But a direct conversion method from jks to pem is preferable.

Answer 1

It's pretty straightforward, using jdk6 at least...

bash$ keytool -keystore foo.jks -genkeypair -alias foo \
        -dname 'CN=foo.example.com,L=Melbourne,ST=Victoria,C=AU'
Enter keystore password:  
Re-enter new password: 
Enter key password for 
        (RETURN if same as keystore password):  
bash$ keytool -keystore foo.jks -exportcert -alias foo | \
       openssl x509 -inform der -text
Enter keystore password:  asdasd
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number: 1237334757 (0x49c03ae5)
        Signature Algorithm: dsaWithSHA1
        Issuer: C=AU, ST=Victoria, L=Melbourne, CN=foo.example.com
        Validity
            Not Before: Mar 18 00:05:57 2009 GMT
            Not After : Jun 16 00:05:57 2009 GMT
        Subject: C=AU, ST=Victoria, L=Melbourne, CN=foo.example.com
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: dsaEncryption
            DSA Public Key:
                pub: 
                    00:e2:66:5c:e0:2e:da:e0:6b:a6:aa:97:64:59:14:
                    7e:a6:2e:5a:45:f9:2f:b5:2d:f4:34:27:e6:53:c7:
 

bash$ keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore foo.jks \
       -destkeystore foo.p12 \
       -srcstoretype jks \
       -deststoretype pkcs12
Enter destination keystore password:  
Re-enter new password: 
Enter source keystore password:  
Entry for alias foo successfully imported.
Import command completed:  1 entries successfully imported, 0 entries failed or cancelled

bash$ openssl pkcs12 -in foo.p12 -out foo.pem
Enter Import Password:
MAC verified OK
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Verifying - Enter PEM pass phrase:

bash$ openssl x509 -text -in foo.pem
Certificate:
    Data:
        Version: 3 (0x2)
        Serial Number: 1237334757 (0x49c03ae5)
        Signature Algorithm: dsaWithSHA1
        Issuer: C=AU, ST=Victoria, L=Melbourne, CN=foo.example.com
        Validity
            Not Before: Mar 18 00:05:57 2009 GMT
            Not After : Jun 16 00:05:57 2009 GMT
        Subject: C=AU, ST=Victoria, L=Melbourne, CN=foo.example.com
        Subject Public Key Info:
            Public Key Algorithm: dsaEncryption
            DSA Public Key:
                pub: 
                    00:e2:66:5c:e0:2e:da:e0:6b:a6:aa:97:64:59:14:
                    7e:a6:2e:5a:45:f9:2f:b5:2d:f4:34:27:e6:53:c7:
 

bash$ openssl dsa -text -in foo.pem
read DSA key
Enter PEM pass phrase:
Private-Key: (1024 bit)
priv:
    00:8f:b1:af:55:63:92:7c:d2:0f:e6:f3:a2:f5:ff:
    1a:7a:fe:8c:39:dd
pub: 
    00:e2:66:5c:e0:2e:da:e0:6b:a6:aa:97:64:59:14:
    7e:a6:2e:5a:45:f9:2f:b5:2d:f4:34:27:e6:53:c7:

You end up with:

• foo.jks - keystore in java format.
• foo.p12 - keystore in PKCS#12 format.
• foo.pem - all keys and certs from keystore, in PEM format.

(This last file can be split up into keys and certificates if you like.)

---

Command summary - to create JKS keystore:

keytool -keystore foo.jks -genkeypair -alias foo \
    -dname 'CN=foo.example.com,L=Melbourne,ST=Victoria,C=AU'

Command summary - to convert JKS keystore into PKCS#12 keystore, then into PEM file:

keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore foo.jks \
   -destkeystore foo.p12 \
   -srcstoretype jks \
   -deststoretype pkcs12

openssl pkcs12 -in foo.p12 -out foo.pem

if you have more than one certificate in your JKS keystore, and you want to only export the certificate and key associated with one of the aliases, you can use the following variation:

keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore foo.jks \
   -destkeystore foo.p12 \
   -srcalias foo \
   -srcstoretype jks \
   -deststoretype pkcs12

openssl pkcs12 -in foo.p12 -out foo.pem

Command summary - to compare JKS keystore to PEM file:

keytool -keystore foo.jks -exportcert -alias foo | \
   openssl x509 -inform der -text

openssl x509 -text -in foo.pem

openssl dsa -text -in foo.pem