injecting beans in Spring MvC when running a test

Question

I have this error when I run a test:

nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.bonanza.api.IWorkflowService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

and this is the servlet-xml I load when running the classes:

  <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
            xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
            xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
            xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
            xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
            xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        <context:annotation-config />
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.bonanza.*" />
        <jpa:repositories base-package="com.bonanza.*" />
        <!-- transaction management -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
        <bean id="workflowService"
                class="com.bonanza.api.IWorkflowService" abstract="true"/>
..
</beans>

Answer 1

I think your problem is that you are trying to use an interface instead of a concrete class to inject the dependency of type com.bonanza.api.IWorkflowService required other beans in your application.

In order to solve the problem, you have several options.

On one hand, you can of course provide an actual implementation for that interface.

Or, on the other hand, you can provide a mock object for that interface. You can use Mockito for that, and modify your Spring XML configuration with something similar to the following code:

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
            xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
            xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
            xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
            xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
            xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
            xsi:schemaLocation="
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    
        <context:annotation-config />
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.bonanza.*" />
        <jpa:repositories base-package="com.bonanza.*" />
        <!-- transaction management -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven />
    
        <bean id="workflowService" class="org.mockito.Mockito" factory-method="mock">
            <constructor-arg value="com.bonanza.api.IWorkflowService" />
        </bean>
..
</beans>

If required, you can customize the mock behavior in your configuration (from your other question):

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:backoffice-servlet.xml")
public class TimeControllerTests {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;

    @Autowired
    private IWorkflowService workflowService;

    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();
        // given(this.workflowService...).willReturn(...);
    }
    
    @Test
    public void should_OK() throws Exception {

        mockMvc.perform(get("/time/2")
                .contentType(APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(status().isOk());
    }
}