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pythonpandascsvsortingdatetime

How to read, format, sort, and save a csv file, without pandas

  • Given the following sample data in a file test.csv
27-Mar-12,8.25,8.35,8.17,8.19,9801989
26-Mar-12,8.16,8.25,8.12,8.24,8694416
23-Mar-12,8.05,8.12,7.95,8.09,8149170
  • How can this file be parsed without using pandas?
    1. Open the file
    2. Format the date column into a datetime date formatted string
    3. Sort all rows by the column 0, the date column
    4. Save back to the same file, with a header for the date column
  • With pandas this can be accomplished with a single (long) line of code, not including the import.
    • It should be noted, using parse_date can be very slow, if date_parser isn't used.
import pandas as pd

(pd.read_csv('test.csv', header=None, parse_dates=[0], date_parser=lambda t: pd.to_datetime(t, format='%d-%b-%y'))
 .rename(columns={0: 'date'})
 .sort_values('date')
 .to_csv('test.csv', index=False))

Expected Form

date,1,2,3,4,5
2012-03-23,8.05,8.12,7.95,8.09,8149170
2012-03-26,8.16,8.25,8.12,8.24,8694416
2012-03-27,8.25,8.35,8.17,8.19,9801989
  • This question and answer are being written to fill a knowledge content gap on Stack Overflow.
  • It's very easy to use pandas for this task.
  • It was surprisingly difficult to come up with all the necessary pieces to create a complete solution, without pandas.
  • This should be beneficial for anyone curious about this task, and for students prohibited from using pandas.
  • I wouldn't mind seeing a solution with numpy, but the primary point of the question, is to accomplish this task with only packages from the standard library.
Solution
    • pandas is easier for parsing and cleaning files.
      • What requires 1 line of pandas, took 11 lines of code, and requires a for-loop.
    • This requires the following packages and functions
    • Initially, list() was used to unpack the csv.reader object, but that was removed, to update the date value, while iterating through the reader.
    • A custom key function can be supplied to sorted to customize the sort order, but I do not see a way to return a value from the lambda expression.
      • Originally key=lambda row: datetime.strptime(row[0], '%Y-%m-%d') was used, but has been removed, since the updated date column doesn't contain month names.
      • If the date column contains month names, it won't be properly sorted, without a custom sort key.
    import csv
from datetime import datetime

# open the file for reading and writing
with open('test1.csv', mode='r+', newline='') as f:

   # create a reader and writer opbject
    reader, writer = csv.reader(f), csv.writer(f)
    
    data = list()
    # iterate through the reader and update column 0 to a datetime date string
    for row in reader:

        # update column 0 to a datetime date string
        row[0] = datetime.strptime(row[0], "%d-%b-%y").date().isoformat()
        
        # append the row to data
        data.append(row)

    # sort all of the rows, based on date, with a lambda expression
    data = sorted(data, key=lambda row: row[0])

    # change the stream position to the given byte offset
    f.seek(0)

    # truncate the file size
    f.truncate()

    # add a header to data
    data.insert(0, ['date', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

    # write data to the file
    writer.writerows(data)

    Updated test.csv

    date,1,2,3,4,5
2012-03-23,8.05,8.12,7.95,8.09,8149170
2012-03-26,8.16,8.25,8.12,8.24,8694416
2012-03-27,8.25,8.35,8.17,8.19,9801989

    %time test

    import pandas
import pandas_datareader as web

# test data with 1M rows
df = web.DataReader(ticker, data_source='yahoo', start='1980-01-01', end='2020-09-27').drop(columns=['Adj Close']).reset_index().sort_values('High', ascending=False)
df.Date = df.Date.dt.strftime('%d-%b-%y')
df = pd.concat([df]*100)
df.to_csv('test.csv', index=False, header=False)

    Tests

    # pandas test with date_parser
%time pandas_test('test.csv')
[out]:
Wall time: 17.9 s

# pandas test without the date_parser parameter
%time pandas_test('test.csv')
[out]:
Wall time: 1min 17s

# from Paddy Alton
%time paddy('test.csv')
[out]:
Wall time: 15.9 s

# from Trenton
%time trenton('test.csv')
[out]:
Wall time: 17.7 s

# from sammywemmy with functions updated to return the correct date format
%time sammy('test.csv')
[out]:
Wall time: 22.2 s
%time sammy2('test.csv')
[out]:
Wall time: 22.2 s

    Test Functions

    from operator import itemgetter
import csv
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime

def pandas_test(file):
    (pd.read_csv(file, header=None, parse_dates=[0], date_parser=lambda t: pd.to_datetime(t, format='%d-%b-%y'))
     .rename(columns={0: 'date'})
     .sort_values('date')
     .to_csv(file, index=False))


def trenton(file):
    with open(file, mode='r+', newline='') as f:
        reader, writer = csv.reader(f), csv.writer(f)
        data = list()
        for row in reader:
            row[0] = datetime.strptime(row[0], "%d-%b-%y").date().isoformat()
            data.append(row)
        data = sorted(data, key=lambda row: row[0])
        f.seek(0)
        f.truncate()
        data.insert(0, ['date', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
        writer.writerows(data)


def paddy(file):
    def format_date(date: str) -> str:
        formatted_date = datetime.strptime(date, "%d-%b-%y").date().isoformat()
        return formatted_date


    with open(file, "r") as f:
        lines = f.readlines()
        records = [[value for value in line.split(",")] for line in lines]
    for record in records:
        record[0] = format_date(record[0])
    sorted_records = sorted(records, key = lambda r: r[0])
    prepared_lines = [",".join(record).strip("\n") for record in sorted_records]
    field_names = "date,1,2,3,4,5"
    prepared_lines.insert(0, field_names)
    prepared_data = "\n".join(prepared_lines)
    with open(file, "w") as f:
        f.write(prepared_data)


def sammy(file):
    # updated with .date().isoformat() to return the correct format
    with open(file) as csvfile:
        fieldnames = ["date", 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
        reader = csv.DictReader(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)
        mapping = list(reader)
        mapping = [
            {
                key: datetime.strptime(value, ("%d-%b-%y")).date().isoformat()
                     if key == "date" else value
                for key, value in entry.items()
            }
            for entry in mapping
        ]

        mapping = sorted(mapping, key=itemgetter("date"))

    with open(file, mode="w", newline="") as csvfile:
        fieldnames = mapping[0].keys()
        writer = csv.DictWriter(csvfile, fieldnames=fieldnames)

        writer.writeheader()
        for row in mapping:
            writer.writerow(row)


def sammy2(file):
    # updated with .date().isoformat() to return the correct format
    with open(file) as csvfile:
        reader = csv.reader(csvfile, delimiter=",")
        mapping = dict(enumerate(reader))
        num_of_cols = len(mapping[0])
        fieldnames = ["date" if n == 0 else n
                      for n in range(num_of_cols)]
        mapping = [
                   [ datetime.strptime(val, "%d-%b-%y").date().isoformat()
                     if ind == 0 else val
                     for ind, val in enumerate(value)
                   ]
                 for key, value in mapping.items()
                  ]

        mapping = sorted(mapping, key=itemgetter(0))

    with open(file, mode="w", newline="") as csvfile:
        csvwriter = csv.writer(csvfile, delimiter=",")
        csvwriter.writerow(fieldnames)
        for row in mapping:
            csvwriter.writerow(row)