How to do URL decoding in Java?

Question

In Java, I want to convert this:

https%3A%2F%2Fmywebsite%2Fdocs%2Fenglish%2Fsite%2Fmybook.do%3Frequest_type

To this:

https://mywebsite/docs/english/site/mybook.do&request_type

This is what I have so far:

class StringUTF 
{
    public static void main(String[] args) 
    {
        try{
            String url = 
               "https%3A%2F%2Fmywebsite%2Fdocs%2Fenglish%2Fsite%2Fmybook.do" +
               "%3Frequest_type%3D%26type%3Dprivate";

            System.out.println(url+"Hello World!------->" +
                new String(url.getBytes("UTF-8"),"ASCII"));
        }
        catch(Exception E){
        }
    }
}

But it doesn't work right. What are these %3A and %2F formats called and how do I convert them?

Answer 1

This does not have anything to do with character encodings such as UTF-8 or ASCII. The string you have there is URL encoded. This kind of encoding is something entirely different than character encoding.

Try something like this:

try {
    String result = java.net.URLDecoder.decode(url, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
    // not going to happen - value came from JDK's own StandardCharsets
}

Java 10 added direct support for Charset to the API, meaning there's no need to catch UnsupportedEncodingException:

String result = java.net.URLDecoder.decode(url, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

Note that a character encoding (such as UTF-8 or ASCII) is what determines the mapping of characters to raw bytes. For a good intro to character encodings, see this article.