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javajavac

How to compile to target Java 1.0

I want to compile my code down to Java version 1.0.

I managed to compile down to 1.1:

$ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_181"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_181-8u181-b13-2~deb9u1-b13)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.181-b13, mixed mode)
$ javac -target 1.2 -source 1.2 MyClass.java
(works with some warnings)
$ javac -target 1.1 -source 1.2 MyClass.java
(works with some warnings)

But the target option does not seem to accept 1.0:

$ javac -target 1.0 -source 1.2 MyClass.java
javac: invalid target release: 1.0

How do I target JDK 1.0?

I want my .class and .jar file to work as many systems as possible, including very old ones, including JDK 1.0. (I don't have access to a system running JDK 1.0.)

What I've tried so far:

  • Compiling with ecj-3.0.2.jar: It doesn't support -target 1.0, the minimum is -target 1.1.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.0: I couldn't run it, it wasn't released for Linux.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.1: I couldn't run it, it wasn't released for Linux.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.2: The Linux i386 javac binary doesn't work, it's giving me Segmentation fault.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.3: javac: invalid target release: 1.0.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.4: javac: invalid target release: 1.0.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.5: javac: invalid target release: 1.0. This is the first JDK with Linux amd64 binaries.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.6: javac: invalid target release: 1.0.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.7: javac: invalid target release: 1.0.
  • Compiling with JDK 1.8: javac: invalid target release: 1.0. (I got this error first, when I asked the question.)

The reason why I believe that -target 1.0 may work is this answer: https://stackoverflow.com/a/26148408

Solution

  • TL;DR javac -target 1.1 (and not using any classes or methods that were added later) will make it work on JDK >=1.0.2 (released on 1995-09-16). It's not feasible to go back more, because earlier JDKs are not publicly available to try.

    The javac -target ... flag value affects the minor (byte offset 4 and and 5) and major (byte offset 6 and 7) version number stored in the .class file:

    • javac -target 1.1 in JDK 1.8 generates version 45.3, supported by JDK 1.0.2 (released on 1995-09-16), JDK 1.1.* (released in 1997-02), JDK >=1.2 (released in 1998-12). [source]
    • javac in JDK 1.0.2 (from jdk-1_0_2-win32-x86.exe, run with wine on Linux) generates version 45.3.
    • For k ≥ 2, JDK release 1.k supports class file format versions in the range 45.0 through (44+k).0 inclusive. [source]
    • javac -target 1.2 generates version 46.0, supported by JDK >=1.2.
    • javac -target 1.3 generates version 47.0, supported by JDK >=1.3.
    • javac -target 1.4 generates version 48.0, supported by JDK >=1.4.
    • etc.