I've read a number of solutions to this question and they all involve going to C/C++ Build >> Settings and changing something, but in my Eclipse all I have under there is tabs for "binary parsers" and "error parsers", no "Miscellaneous" or "dialectic" or whatever. How do I get around this?
In this case, the issue is not related to the Eclipse version, but the project type. The instructions you've been looking at are for choosing C++11 for a managed build project.
You probably have a makefile project; see this question for enabling C++11 mode in a makefile project.
(That said, I would still recommend upgrading to a newer version of Eclipse for other reasons, such as much improved C++ parsing support.)