php preg_replace assign different replacement pattern for each capturing group

Question

I'm trying to perform a mysql fulltext search in boolean mode and I need to prepare the search text before I build the mysql query.

In order to achieve it, I though I could use the PHP function preg_replace and replace each capturing group by one specific pattern.

1. First pattern must find words or sentences between quotes ("hello world") and add a + before (+"hello world").
2. Second pattern must find the rest of words (without quotes) and add a + before and a * after (+how*).

regex pattern

["']+([^"']+)["']+|([^\s"']+)

substitution pattern

+"\1" +\2*

---

EXAMPLE

For the following input:

"hello world" how are you?

It should return:

+"hello world" +how* +are* +you?*

But instead, it returns something 'wrong':

+"hello world" +* +"" +how* +"" +are* +"" +you?*

I'm aware that the replacement pattern +"\1" +\2* will never work since I'm not telling anywhere that +"..." should only apply to the first capturing group and +...* to the second one.

Test online regex.

PHP code

$query = preg_replace('~["\']+([^"\']+)["\']+|([^\s"\']+)~', '+"\1" +\2*', $query);

Is there a way to achieve this in PHP? Thank you in advance.

---

EDIT / SOLUTION

Thanks to @revo suggestion to use the PHP function preg_replace_callback, I managed to assign a replace pattern to each search pattern with the extended function preg_replace_callback_array. Please note that this function needs PHP >= 7.

Here I post the final version of the function I use to perform a FULLTEXT search via MATCH (...) AGAINST (...) IN BOOLEAN MODE. The function is declared within the class dbReader in a Wordpress Plugin. Maybe it can be useful for someone.

// Return maximum 100 ids of products matching $query in
// name or description searching for each word using MATCH AGAINST in BOOLEAN MODE
public function search_products($query) {

    function replace_callback($m, $f) {
        return sprintf($f, isset($m[1]) ? $m[1] : $m[0]);
    }

    // Replace simple quotes by double quotes in strings between quotes:
    // iPhone '8 GB' => iPhone "8 GB"
    // Apple's iPhone 8 '32 GB' => Apple's iPhone 8 "32 GB"
    // This is necessary later when the matches are devided in two groups:
    //      1. Strings not between double quotes
    //      2. Strings between double quotes
    $query = preg_replace("~(\s*)'+([^']+)'+(\s*)~", '$1"$2"$3', $query);

    // Do some magic to take numbers with their units as one word
    // iPhone 8 64 GB => iPhone 8 "64 GB"
    $pattern = array(
        '(\b[.,0-9]+)\s*(gb\b)',
        '(\b[.,0-9]+)\s*(mb\b)',
        '(\b[.,0-9]+)\s*(mm\b)',
        '(\b[.,0-9]+)\s*(mhz\b)',
        '(\b[.,0-9]+)\s*(ghz\b)'
    );
    array_walk($pattern, function(&$value) {
        // Surround with double quotes only if the user isn't doing manual grouping
        $value = '~'.$value.'(?=(?:[^"]*"[^"]*")*[^"]*\Z)~i';
    });
    $query = preg_replace($pattern, '"$1 $2"', $query);

    // Prepare query string for a "match against" in "boolean mode"
    $patterns = array(
        // 1. All strings not sorrounded by double quotes
        '~([^\s"]+)(?=(?:[^"]*"[^"]*")*[^"]*\Z)~'   => function($m){
            return replace_callback($m, '+%s*');
        },

        // 2. All strings between double quotes
        '~"+([^"]+)"+~'                             => function($m){
            return replace_callback($m, '+"%s"');
        }
    );

    // Replace every single word by a boolean expression: +some* +word*
    // Respect quoted strings: +"iPhone 8"
    // preg_replace_callback_array needs PHP Version >= 7
    $query = preg_replace_callback_array($patterns, $query);

    $fulltext_fields = array(
        'title'         => array(
            'importance'    => 1.5,
            'table'         => 'p',
            'fields'        => array(
                'field1',
                'field2',
                'field3',
                'field4'
            )
        ),
        'description'   => array(
            'importance'    => 1,
            'table'         => 'p',
            'fields'        => array(
                'field5',
                'field6',
                'field7',
                'field8'
            )
        )
    );
    $select_match = $match_full = $priority_order = "";

    $args = array();
    foreach ($fulltext_fields as $index => $obj) {
        $match          = $obj['table'].".".implode(", ".$obj['table'].".", $obj['fields']);
        $select_match  .= ", MATCH ($match) AGAINST (%s IN BOOLEAN MODE) AS {$index}_score";
        $match_full    .= ($match_full!=""?", ":"").$match;
        $priority_order.= ($priority_order==""?"ORDER BY ":" + ")."({$index}_score * {$obj['importance']})";
        array_push($args, $query);
    }
    $priority_order .= $priority_order!=""?" DESC":"";

    // User input $query is passed as %s parameter to db->prepare() in order to avoid SQL injection
    array_push($args, $query, $this->model_name, $this->view_name);

    return $this->db->get_col(
        $this->db->prepare(
            "SELECT p.__pk $select_match
            FROM ankauf_... AND
                    MATCH ($match_full) AGAINST (%s IN BOOLEAN MODE)
                INNER JOIN ...
            WHERE
                m.bezeichnung=%s AND
                a.bezeichnung=%s
                $priority_order
            LIMIT 100
            ;",
            $args
        )
    );
}

Answer 1

You have to use preg_replace_callback:

$str = '"hello world" how are you?';

echo preg_replace_callback('~("[^"]+")|\S+~', function($m) {
    return isset($m[1]) ? "+" . $m[1] : "+" . $m[0] . "*";
}, $str);

Output:

+"hello world" +how* +are* +you?*

Live demo