In unity, the code to get the floor's position is shown here.
What's the equivalent form in android/java? I couldn't find anything similar in the documentation.
The Native SDK APIs work differently to the Unity plugin. On Android specifically, you'll want to look at the ARGyroPlaceManager class. As stated in the method description for getWorld:
The world is placed where the camera normal intersects the floor plane.
So the position of the "floor" is the position of the Gyro Place Manager's world node. By simply saying:
ARGyroPlaceManager gpm = ARGyroPlaceManager.getInstance();
ARVector3 vector = gpm.getWorld().getPosition();
You can get the 3D position of the Gyro Place Manager's world and by extension, the 3D position of the "floor", much like you would receive in the Unity plugin.