I need to get the latitude and longitude of all the transportation locations. Google Earth has a transportation layer, can I export this layer information? Specifically I am looking for all the airport locations in the United States and to do some stuff with it in Matlab.
I don't believe you can. These free or low cost mapping systems (desktop and online) have restrictive sub-licensing constrains from heir data providers.
For airports, have you tried the FAA? Also the Geonames database should have this information but I don't know how complete it is.