Magento is a pretty complex application. And knowing as a large open source ecommerce platform. Throughout Magento 1 architecture, it commonly used 12 design patterns which allows developers to view and use them in real.
As you know, Magento 2 is coming soon. I want to know what patterns are approved? And give us some examples?
I think that the best solution for you is take a look into Magento 2 documentation and source code.