Unrecognized FaultException when Connecting to RemoteAgent

How can I troubleshoot the following error message in the dotTrace Profiler Configuration dialog?

Unrecognized FaultException: code Receiver, prefix Server was 
unable to process request. ---> Unable to open f

I have a RemoteAgent configured and running on a server, firewall port 9000 open.

Attempting to connect to it, I specify the IP address, port, and endpoint and I get the message above. That is it...it ends with the letter "f" and I'm not sure what it is referring to. I checked the logs, unfortunately, this is all I'm getting:

12:51:09 PM.060: Thread:1: [ConfigRemove] #13 HostParameters:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<HostParameters type="RemoteHostParameters">
    <Domain IsNull="False">
    </Domain>
    <Password IsNull="False">
    </Password>
    <Url>http://192.168.1.177:9000/RemoteAgent/AgentService.asmx</Url>
    <UserName IsNull="False">
    </UserName>
</HostParameters>
12:51:09 PM.060: Thread:1: [ConfigRemove] #13 Make selection empty
12:51:09 PM.590: Thread:1: [ConfigActivate] #14 HostParameters:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<HostParameters type="RemoteHostParameters">
    <Domain IsNull="False">
    </Domain>
    <Password IsNull="False">
    </Password>
    <Url>http://192.168.1.177:9000/RemoteAgent/AgentService.asmx</Url>
    <UserName IsNull="False">
    </UserName>
</HostParameters>
12:51:09 PM.590: Thread:1: [ConfigActivate] #14 Set selection
12:51:09 PM.876: Thread:1: [ConfigActivate] #14 Start processing
12:51:09 PM.877: Thread:40: [ConfigActivate] #14 Connecting
12:51:09 PM.880: Thread:40: Local SysTools v5.5.4.160 loaded
12:51:10 PM.674: Thread:40: [ConfigActivate] #14 Failed
12:51:10 PM.674: Thread:40: [ConfigActivate] #14 Stored
12:51:10 PM.674: Thread:40: [ConfigActivate] #14 Set selection

There doesn't seem to be any information on the server either. All I see in the event log is the following, which is logged on startup of RemoteAgent but makes sense as it likely doesn't want itself to be profiled:

The profiler has requested that the CLR instance not load 
the profiler into this process.

There are no other log files or artifacts that I can find.

Other info:

I'm on Windows 8.1
dotTrace version is 5.5.4
Server is 2012
All apps run with admin privileges

I have been able to connect to other RemoteAgents on other servers. Don't know what the missing piece is here.

Solution

If anyone else runs into this, the fix is pretty simple. There were, at one point, more than one version of the RemoteAgent deployed to the server.

I deleted the files in the following folder (thanks to a response on the JetBrains forum from Ilya Chernikov): %ProgramData%\JetBrains\Profiler\RemoteAgent\SysToolsCache

I then redeployed the current version of RemoteAgent to the server. When I connected, the caches were restored and I was able to connect.