How to detect the SQL error state of SQLException

I am trying to make a JDBC connection pool component, but I have met a problem. That is: How to detect the error state of java.sql.SQLException. It's said that the state should follow SQL2003 conventions and XOPEN SQL conventions in JDK documentations. But I can't find any documents about these two conventions.Could someone provide it for me?

I want to know what every state stands for, so I can decide when to close the connection fully or reconnect.

I have refered to source code of BoneCP. Here is a part which will be actived when a SQLException occurs :

    ImmutableSet<String> sqlStateDBFailureCodes = ImmutableSet.of("08001", "08007", "08S01", "57P01", "HY000"); 
    String state = e.getSQLState();
        ConnectionState connectionState = this.getConnectionHook() != null ? this.getConnectionHook().onMarkPossiblyBroken(this, state, e) : ConnectionState.NOP; 
        if (state == null){ // safety;
            state = "08999"; 
        }

        if (((sqlStateDBFailureCodes.contains(state) || connectionState.equals(ConnectionState.TERMINATE_ALL_CONNECTIONS)) && this.pool != null) && this.pool.getDbIsDown().compareAndSet(false, true) ){
            logger.error("Database access problem. Killing off all remaining connections in the connection pool. SQL State = " + state);
            this.pool.connectionStrategy.terminateAllConnections();
            this.pool.poisonAndRepopulatePartitions();
        }
char firstChar = state.charAt(0);
        if (connectionState.equals(ConnectionState.CONNECTION_POSSIBLY_BROKEN) || state.equals("40001") || 
                state.startsWith("08") ||  (firstChar >= '5' && firstChar <='9') /*|| (firstChar >='I' && firstChar <= 'Z')*/){
            this.possiblyBroken = true;
        }

        // Notify anyone who's interested
        if (this.possiblyBroken  && (this.getConnectionHook() != null)){
            this.possiblyBroken = this.getConnectionHook().onConnectionException(this, state, e);
        }

According to these code, boneCP considers it as a database server crash when the state of SQLException equals one of "08001", "08007", "08S01", "57P01", "HY000".

But why, what do these states stand for ?

Solution

The first 2 characters are specified in "Table_23-SQLSTATE_class_and_subclass_values" of the SQL92 specification.

Here's an extract of relevance:

00  success completion
01  warning
02  no data
07  dynamic SQL error
08  connection exception
0A  feature not supported
21  cardinality violation
22  data exception
23  integrity constraint violation
24  invalid cursor state
25  invalid transaction state
26  invalid SQL statement name
27  triggered data change violation
28  invalid authorization specification
2A  direct SQL syntax error or access rule violation
2B  dependent privilege descriptors still exist
2C  invalid character set name
2D  invalid transaction termination
2E  invalid connection name
33  invalid SQL descriptor name
34  invalid cursor name
35  invalid condition number
37  dynamic SQL syntax error or access rule violation
3C  ambiguous cursor name
3D  invalid catalog name
3F  invalid schema name
40  transaction rollback
42  syntax error or access rule violation
44  with check option violation
HZ  remote database access

The remaining characters are DB vendor dependent. So it's generally recommended to just perform a startsWith() check.