For example if I pushed ax is [SP] points to my value of ax or the word after ax? Also is it differs from real mode to protected mode? I ask this because the Art of assembly book illustrates and explains as the sp points to last pushed data, and on this page OSDev Wiki - Stack it illustrated as it points to empty word after last pushed data.
Wikipedia says here:
The stack is implemented with an implicitly decrementing (push) and incrementing (pop) stack pointer. In 16-bit mode, this implicit stack pointer is addressed as SS:[SP], in 32-bit mode it is SS:[ESP], and in 64-bit mode it is [RSP]. The stack pointer actually points to the last value that was stored, under the assumption that its size will match the operating mode of the processor (i.e., 16, 32, or 64 bits) to match the default width of the push/pop/call/ret instructions.
This is the way my way-back memory says it works, too.