Can I use java.util.Properties with encoding different then default?
Not unless you
This is a pretty annoying flaw in the spec. There are several workarounds, probably the simplest being to auto-generate a unicode-escaped compliant .properties file from an encoding-appropriate (cp1250, utf-8, whatever) source.
Java ships with a transcoder called native2ascii to do this for you:
There are some aged RFEs on this subject: