Symbol table is used by both front-end and back-end but how is the symbol table passed to back-end assuming that target code will run on a different machine? Would it be somehow "attached" to the intermediate representation or will it be included in the instance of logical address space?
The symbol table for linking is placed in the intermediate object-code file, with extension such as .o or .obj, depending on platform. See the article titled Object file for an overview and other links. Not only is there a symbol table there, but also things like relocation tables and dynamic link data, basically everything needed to ultimately get the code loaded into system RAM and executing.