I am trying to copy some files to a destination Folder (which should be no problem with Webdeploy) and after that process I would like to get these files on the client (the computer which is starting the msdeploy process). There seem to be a lot of examples on how to copy files to a server, but I could not find any about geting files from the server.
What you are describing is not currently supported by MSDeploy. Workarounds that I can think of include:
postSync
argument that copies files to a directory accessible via FTP