I have made a JFrame clearly through Java and set the size so that it is as large as possible on the screen. For instance I will use Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize() to set the size of the JFrame, but because of the menu bar / dock etc. (in windows and mac) it gets resized to fit the screen. How would I be able to get this new dimension, which the JFrame defaults to?
I don't know if I am understanding your question correctly. But if you want to get the size of the screen minus the menu bar / task bar, this answer could help.
If you simply want to get the new dimensions of your JFrame then use:
yourFrame.getSize();