Why and how does jQuery's `$(this)` reference the right nodes?

Question

I know how to use jQuery's $(this) selector and I also understand the principles of OOP in Javascript. I always accepted that it just works, because somebody else implemented it, but I would love to know why and how it works.

$(function(){
   $('.foo').each(function(){
      console.log($(this));
   });
});

Given this code. I know that $('.foo') finds a set of HTML elements and returns a jQuery object which is able to iterate over them using .each(...). The internal structure of the each() method then probably calls the closure, which has been passed as a parameter.

But why does this then reference the particular HTML element inside the closure? I always thought that this would only reference a new scope, as far as it's wrapper has been instantiated using new. So wouldn't it be much more consistent if this referenced window instead?

Answer 1

In the end you can always force a this value in a function using .call or .apply. jQuery does this; look at the source of .each:

if ( callback.call( object[ i ], i, object[ i++ ] ) === false ) {
//                  ^ `this` value

Here, the this value will be set to the element (object[i]), and the counter (i) and the element are passed as arguments to your function, which is callback.