Why does C# code compiled on the fly not work when a debugger is attached?

Question

I have the following C# project targetting .NET 4.0 that takes a source code file, compiles it into an assembly on the fly and then executes a static method of a type contained in that assembly.

This works as expected, as long as I don't start the program with a debugger attached. In that case I get an exception on the call to xmlSerializer.Serialize(sw, family);, more precisely a System.NullReferenceException inside a System.TypeInitializationException inside a System.InvalidOperationException.

If I take the same program, include the source code file in the project and compile it directly into the main program assembly, I will not get an exception regardless of whether or not a debugger is attached.

Please note that I my project references the exact same assemblies as those listed when compiling on the fly.

Why does it matter to the code compiled on the fly whether or not a debugger is attached? What am I missing?

Main file Program.cs:

using System;
using System.CodeDom.Compiler;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Linq;

namespace DebugSerializeCompiler
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main()
        {
            if (!Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Contains("Compile"))
            {
                DebugSerializeCompiler.SerializerTest.Run();
            }
            else
            {
                Assembly assembly;
                if (TryCompile("..\\..\\SerializerTest.cs", new[]{ "Microsoft.CSharp.dll",
                   "System.dll", "System.Core.dll", "System.Data.dll", "System.Xml.dll" }, 
                   out assembly))
                {
                    Type type = assembly.GetType("DebugSerializeCompiler.SerializerTest");
                    MethodInfo methodInfo = type.GetMethod("Run");
                    methodInfo.Invoke(null, null);
                }
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

        static bool TryCompile(string fileName, string[] referencedAssemblies, 
           out Assembly assembly)
        {
            bool result;

            CodeDomProvider compiler = CodeDomProvider.CreateProvider("CSharp");
            var compilerparams = new CompilerParameters 
                                     {
                                        GenerateExecutable = false, 
                                        GenerateInMemory = true
                                     };
            foreach (var referencedAssembly in referencedAssemblies)
            {
                compilerparams.ReferencedAssemblies.Add(referencedAssembly);
            }

            using (var reader = new StreamReader(fileName))
            {
                CompilerResults compilerResults = 
                   compiler.CompileAssemblyFromSource(compilerparams, reader.ReadToEnd());
                assembly = compilerResults.CompiledAssembly;
                result = !compilerResults.Errors.HasErrors;
                if (!result)
                {
                    Console.Out.WriteLine("Compiler Errors:");
                    foreach (CompilerError error in compilerResults.Errors)
                    {
                        Console.Out.WriteLine("Position {0}.{1}: {2}", 
                           error.Line, error.Column, error.ErrorText);
                    }
                }
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
}

File compiled into separate assembly SerializerTest.cs:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace DebugSerializeCompiler
{
    public  class SerializerTest
    {
        public static void Run()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Executing Run()");
            var family = new Family();
            var xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Family));

            TextWriter sw = new StringWriter();
            try
            {
                if (sw == null) Console.WriteLine("sw == null");
                if (family == null) Console.WriteLine("family == null");
                if (xmlSerializer == null) Console.WriteLine("xmlSerializer == null");
                xmlSerializer.Serialize(sw, family);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception caught:");
                Console.WriteLine(e);
            }
            Console.WriteLine(sw);
        }
    }

    [Serializable]
    public class Family
    {
        public string LastName { get; set; }

        public List<FamilyMember> FamilyMembers { get; set; }
    }

    [Serializable]
    public class FamilyMember
    {
        public string FirstName { get; set; }
    }
}

This is the csproj file used to compile the project using Visual C# 2010 Express on Windows 7:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" DefaultTargets="Build" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
  <PropertyGroup>
    <Configuration Condition=" '$(Configuration)' == '' ">Debug</Configuration>
    <Platform Condition=" '$(Platform)' == '' ">x86</Platform>
    <ProductVersion>8.0.30703</ProductVersion>
    <SchemaVersion>2.0</SchemaVersion>
    <ProjectGuid>{7B8D2187-4C58-4310-AC69-9F87107C25AA}</ProjectGuid>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <AppDesignerFolder>Properties</AppDesignerFolder>
    <RootNamespace>DebugSerializeCompiler</RootNamespace>
    <AssemblyName>DebugSerializeCompiler</AssemblyName>
    <TargetFrameworkVersion>v4.0</TargetFrameworkVersion>
    <TargetFrameworkProfile>Client</TargetFrameworkProfile>
    <FileAlignment>512</FileAlignment>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Debug|x86' ">
    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
    <DebugSymbols>true</DebugSymbols>
    <DebugType>full</DebugType>
    <Optimize>false</Optimize>
    <OutputPath>bin\Debug\</OutputPath>
    <DefineConstants>DEBUG;TRACE</DefineConstants>
    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <PropertyGroup Condition=" '$(Configuration)|$(Platform)' == 'Release|x86' ">
    <PlatformTarget>x86</PlatformTarget>
    <DebugType>pdbonly</DebugType>
    <Optimize>true</Optimize>
    <OutputPath>bin\Release\</OutputPath>
    <DefineConstants>TRACE</DefineConstants>
    <ErrorReport>prompt</ErrorReport>
    <WarningLevel>4</WarningLevel>
  </PropertyGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Reference Include="System" />
    <Reference Include="System.Core" />
    <Reference Include="Microsoft.CSharp" />
    <Reference Include="System.Data" />
    <Reference Include="System.Xml" />
  </ItemGroup>
  <ItemGroup>
    <Compile Include="Program.cs" />
    <Compile Include="Properties\AssemblyInfo.cs" />
    <Compile Include="SerializerTest.cs">
      <SubType>Code</SubType>
    </Compile>
  </ItemGroup>
  <Import Project="$(MSBuildToolsPath)\Microsoft.CSharp.targets" />
  <!-- To modify your build process, add your task inside one of the targets below and uncomment it. 
       Other similar extension points exist, see Microsoft.Common.targets.
  <Target Name="BeforeBuild">
  </Target>
  <Target Name="AfterBuild">
  </Target>
  -->
</Project>

Answer 1

It worked fine for me.

But if I had to guess what's going on for you it would be that because you're compiling the class in with your main project and dynamically compiling it the serializer is getting confused about which assembly to use and is failing. You could try attaching an event to AppDomain.CurrentDomain.AssemblyResolve and see if there are any assemblies failing to resolve there.