Does anyone know between GPS, compass heading and accelerometer which uses the most amount of battery (or how they compare relatively?)
I'm assuming somewhat naively it's:
accelerometer < compass heading < GPS
but I can't find anything to substantiate or refute my intuitions.
Clarification: I'm curious as to how it performs specifically on an iPhone.
Well it really depends on the device. A GPS with an active antenna will consume the most power. Accelerometers and compass usually only draw milliamps when running. Generally your order is correct.
Specifically to the iPhone