Are there any implementations or papers that modify the Hough transform to detect the width of line segments? Hough space maxima can be used to determine potential lines, and line segments are groups of pixels that are on the line for sufficient intervals. After doing that, I'm trying to determine the width of each line segment.
All I've been able to find thus far is this poster: http://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~lyu/staff/SongJQ/poster_47_song_j.pdf
Depending if you are willing to spend some money, there is a package called Halcon that has the kind of things you are after.
For example http://www.mvtec.com/download/reference/lines_gauss.html (that's not a Hough transform, but the main package does have those as well).
I used Google to find a paper called "Extraction of Curved Lines from Images" which mentions line width (I can't get the link to work either).