What's the difference between "class method" and "static method"?

Question

I've worked with a few different languages such as Java, C#, and Objective-C.

In most languages, methods that don't require an instance of an object are called static methods. However, when it comes to Objective-C, some people get defensive when you call them static methods, and they expect you to call them class methods.

Why are they called class methods instead of static methods? What is the difference between a static method and a class method?

Answer 1

So my question is why are they called class methods instead of a static method? What is the difference between a static method and a class method?

From Wikipedia: Static methods neither require an instance of the class nor can they implicitly access the data (or this, self, Me, etc.) of such an instance.

This describes exactly what Objective-C's class methods are not.

An Objective-C class method very much requires an instance that is the target of the method invocation. That is, it requires an instance of the metaclass that describes the class object being invoked.

Unlike static methods, Objective-C's class methods can be inherited (which, in combination with having the aforementioned self, is exactly why many classes can share a single, simple, implementation of +alloc on NSObject without needing their own custom implementations) and invoking a class method goes through the exact same objc_msgSend* based dispatch mechanism as any other method call site.

Objective-C's class methods can be overridden across the class hierarchy and they can be swizzled. None of which is supported in languages that typically offer static methods in lieu of class methods.

The bottom line is that static methods and class methods are very different. While that difference is mostly transparent for day to day coding purposes, there are still situations where knowing how class methods work can save you a ton of unnecessary lines of code.

For example, you can't do this with static methods:

@interface AbstractClass:NSObject
+ factory;
@end

@implementation AbstractClass
+ factory
{
    return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
}
@end

@interface Concrete1:AbstractClass
@end
@implementation Concrete1
@end
@interface Concrete2:AbstractClass
@end
@implementation Concrete2
@end

void foo() {
    Concrete1 *c = [Concrete1 factory];
    Concrete2 *d = [Concrete2 factory];
    ... etc ...
}