Given the "cxf-osgi" example from fuse source's apache-servicemix-4.4.1-fuse-00-08, built with maven 3.0.3, when deploying it to apache karaf 2.2.4 and CXF 2.4.3 the web service is never published and never visible to the CXF servlet (http://localhost:8181/cxf/). There are no errors in the karaf log. How would one go about debugging such behavior?
It's worth turning up the log level(s) - you can do this permanently in the etc/org.ops4j.pax.logging.cfg or in the console with log:set TRACE org.apache.cxf - IIRC this will show some useful information.
Also check that it's actually published on localhost/127.0.0.1 - it may well be being published on another interface, the IP of the local network but not localhost. Try using 0.0.0.0 as the the address, that way it will bind to all available interfaces.
As you're using maven, you can download the CXF source (easily in Eclipse) and connect a remote debugger to the Karaf instance, with some strategically placed breakpoints you should be able to get a handle on what's going on.