In GDB by Ctrl+C I can have the debugger stopped at the instruction currently executed, I can then issue a continue
command to let it resume.
In Pycharm can I do achieve the same? Clicking the "stop" button it simply exits the process.
"Pause Program" should do it. But please note - there seems to be a problem with Python 3.13 (ticket in PyCharm issue tracker PY-79359).