How do Perl if-statements work under the hood?

Question

How does Perl's interpreter do if-statements? I wanted to try to implement a simple Lazy-Basic-Block-Versioning for if-statements that use ref as a predicate, and maybe subsequently for sub-routines as well.

After studying the source code I see OP codes for everything but control flow. My interpreter experience is quite limited, but I would assume to see a OP_IF that would pop the stack for it's predicates OP codes or something along those lines. I found KEY_if which comes from the Yacc grammar, which then subsequently is used in toke.c and translated to a KW_IF, but I can't find where KW_IF is actually used.

I originally intended to just add some basic optimization with global state to peep.c, but since there is no OP_IF I'm struggling to see the big-picture of how control flow is handled.

Answer 1

if gets compiled into an and or or op.

perl -MO=Concise,-exec -e'if ( f() ) { ... }'

1  <0> enter v
2  <;> nextstate(main 1 -e:1) v:{
3  <0> pushmark s
4  <#> gv[*f] s/EARLYCV
5  <1> entersub[t2] sKS/TARG
6  <|> and(other->7) vK/1
7      <0> pushmark s
8      <$> const[PV "Unimplemented"] s
9      <@> die vK/1
a  <@> leave[1 ref] vKP/REFC
-e syntax OK

perl -MO=Concise,-exec -e'if ( !f() ) { ... }'

1  <0> enter v
2  <;> nextstate(main 1 -e:1) v:{
3  <0> pushmark s
4  <#> gv[*f] s/EARLYCV
5  <1> entersub[t2] sKS/TARG
6  <|> or(other->7) vK/1
7      <0> pushmark s
8      <$> const[PV "Unimplemented"] s
9      <@> die vK/1
a  <@> leave[1 ref] vKP/REFC
-e syntax OK

if can also be compiled into a cond_expr op like the conditional operator (?:).

perl -MO=Concise,-exec -e'if ( f() ) { ... } else { ... }'

1  <0> enter v
2  <;> nextstate(main 1 -e:1) v:{
3  <0> pushmark s
4  <#> gv[*f] s/EARLYCV
5  <1> entersub[t2] sKS/TARG
6  <|> cond_expr(other->7) vK/1
7      <0> pushmark s
8      <$> const[PV "Unimplemented"] s
9      <@> die vK/1
           goto a
b  <0> enter v
c  <;> nextstate(main 5 -e:1) v
d  <0> pushmark s
e  <$> const[PV "Unimplemented"] s
f  <@> die vK/1
g  <@> leave vKP
a  <@> leave[1 ref] vKP/REFC
-e syntax OK

The opcode name from Concise maps to a function named pp_name in pp*.c (with a few exceptions).