Selenium Webdriver for Chrome on Linux fails with 'Permission denied' or 'session not created: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist'

Question

I have a simple script that tries to login to a website with Selenium for C# like this:

IWebDriver WebDriver = new ChromeDriver();
WebDriver.Manage().Timeouts().ImplicitWait = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500);
WebDriver.Navigate().GoToUrl("https://mysite.de/");

// Login
var tenantTextbox = WebDriver.FindElement(By.Id("tenantTextbox"));
var userTextTextbox = WebDriver.FindElement(By.Id("userTextTextbox"));
var passwordTextbox = WebDriver.FindElement(By.Id("passwordTextbox"));
var loginButton = WebDriver.FindElement(By.ClassName("loginbutton"));
tenantTextbox.SendKeys("Tenant");
userTextTextbox.SendKeys("sysadmin");
passwordTextbox.SendKeys("password");
loginButton.Click();

There is no issue on Windows, but when running it in Linux, it fails with some errors.

1. The build is done for Linux (E.g. dotnet restore -r linux-x64 and dotnet publish --configuration Release -r linux-x64 --no-self-contained --no-restore --output publish/. If I try to run dotnet --roll-forward Major /srv/publish/UiTester.dll (Roll forward is used because the app is on Net7.0 still, but Net8.0 is installed on the server), the following error occurs:

Unhandled exception. OpenQA.Selenium.NoSuchDriverException: Unable to obtain chrome using Selenium Manager; For documentation on this error, please visit: https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/webdriver/troubleshooting/errors/driver_location
 ---> OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriverException: Error starting process: /srv/publish/selenium-manager/linux/selenium-manager  --browser "chrome" --output json
 ---> System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception (13): An error occurred trying to start process '/srv/publish/selenium-manager/linux/selenium-manager' with working directory '/srv'. Permission denied

2. If I set chmod +x /srv/publish/selenium-manager/linux/selenium-manager, the issue is gone, but the following error occurs:

Unhandled exception. System.InvalidOperationException: session not created: Chrome failed to start: exited normally.
  (session not created: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location /root/.cache/selenium/chrome/linux64/120.0.6099.109/chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.) (SessionNotCreated)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriver.UnpackAndThrowOnError(Response errorResponse, String commandToExecute)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriver.Execute(String driverCommandToExecute, Dictionary`2 parameters)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriver.StartSession(ICapabilities desiredCapabilities)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.WebDriver..ctor(ICommandExecutor executor, ICapabilities capabilities)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Chromium.ChromiumDriver..ctor(ChromiumDriverService service, ChromiumOptions options, TimeSpan commandTimeout)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver..ctor(ChromeDriverService service, ChromeOptions options, TimeSpan commandTimeout)
   at OpenQA.Selenium.Chrome.ChromeDriver..ctor(ChromeOptions options)

3. According to several existing issues, it might be fixed by setting some options:

• --headless
• --remote-debugging-port=60000
• --no-sandbox
• --disable-dev-shm-usage

I tried setting all of them in various combinations, nothing changed the behaviour (Except if --remote-debugging-port=60000 was set --> This lead to an error where Chrome told me that the dev port cannot be set somehow).

Does anyone have some additional ideas what I can check?

Version information:

• Linux: 22.04.3 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish)
• Chromium driver version: 120.0.6099.109 (Should be supported in Selenium.WebDriver 4.16.*)
• Selenium.WebDriver (NuGet): 4.16.2
• Dotnet (Server): 8.0.100
• Dotnet (Project): 7.0.404

Answer 1

Don't judge me, this is horrible stupid in my case...

I just needed to install the correct version of Chrome like this to fix the issue:

wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb

And if that fails with unmet dependecies, just install them manually or with sudo apt -f install.

P.S. I also had to set the --headless and --no-sandbox options like this:

var options = new ChromeOptions();
options.AddArgument("--headless");
options.AddArgument("--no-sandbox");
WebDriver = new ChromeDriver(options);