I have to code C for my college exams and I have practice of declaring double variables instead of float variables. Is it a bad habit? Can they deduct marks for it? (we never exceed the float limit)
I think using double is better than float because 0.71 is a double literal and if we declare float one = 1.1; we are converting a double to float.
In much discussion on this website, participants prefer double over float and recommend replacing float with double if they see it in a question posed.
Generally speaking, just use type double when you need a floating point value/variable. Literal floating point values used in expressions will be treated as doubles by default,
People expect floating point calculations on Windows desktops and servers to be identical between the two floating-point types.
On some architectures, there is no dedicated hardware for doubles, ... giving you a worse throughput and twice the latency. On others (the x86 FPU, for example), both types are converted to the same internal format 80-bit floating point, in the case of x86), so performance is identical.
Some smartphone and embedded architectures may get a performance benefit from using float rather than double.
With IEEE 754, float is 32 bit (24 bit mantissa, 8 bit exponent) and double is 64 bit (53 bit mantissa, 11 bit exponent). The exponent size determines the maximum (and minimum) values for each type. The mantissa size determines the maximum level of precision for each type.
Unless you have a macro for "narrow" floating-point calculations, most mathmatical functions (of the type for which you include math.h) return double rather than float. A C++ declaration like const auto cosine = cos(theta) will declare a double called cosine. Trigonometric, rounding and exponentiation functions take double as parameters and return double.
OpenGL is an exception where float is often preferred because the API handles floats. With graphics calculations that require precision, you might do your own calculation with double and cast down to float.
Should I use double or float? What is the difference between float and double?