Unable to launch Selenium, encountering DeprecationWarning and WebDriverException errors

Question

Suddenly today, Selenium could not be launched in my project. The error messages are as follows:

main.py:11: DeprecationWarning: executable_path has been deprecated, please pass in a Service object
  driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options,executable_path='drivers/chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver')
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/runpy.py", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/adapter/../../debugpy/launcher/../../debugpy/__main__.py", line 39, in <module>
    cli.main()
  File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/adapter/../../debugpy/launcher/../../debugpy/../debugpy/server/cli.py", line 430, in main
    run()
  File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/adapter/../../debugpy/launcher/../../debugpy/../debugpy/server/cli.py", line 284, in run_file
    runpy.run_path(target, run_name="__main__")
  File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/_vendored/pydevd/_pydevd_bundle/pydevd_runpy.py", line 321, in run_path
    return _run_module_code(code, init_globals, run_name,
  File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/_vendored/pydevd/_pydevd_bundle/pydevd_runpy.py", line 135, in _run_module_code
    _run_code(code, mod_globals, init_globals,
  File "/root/.vscode-server/extensions/ms-python.python-2023.20.0/pythonFiles/lib/python/debugpy/_vendored/pydevd/_pydevd_bundle/pydevd_runpy.py", line 124, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/app/main.py", line 11, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options,executable_path='drivers/chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver')
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 69, in __init__
    super().__init__(DesiredCapabilities.CHROME['browserName'], "goog",
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 89, in __init__
    self.service.start()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 98, in start
    self.assert_process_still_running()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/common/service.py", line 110, in assert_process_still_running
    raise WebDriverException(
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Service drivers/chromedriver-linux64/chromedriver unexpectedly exited. Status code was: 255

The settings of my Dockerfile are as follows:

FROM python:3.10-buster

# Install necessary packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
    curl unzip gettext python-babel \
    ffmpeg \
    poppler-utils \
    fonts-takao-* fonts-wqy-microhei fonts-unfonts-core

# Install Chrome
RUN wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb && \
    dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb; apt-get -fy install \
    && rm google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
# Download and extract the latest version of ChromeDriver
RUN CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION=$(curl -sL "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/LATEST_RELEASE") && \
    curl -sL "https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/$CHROME_DRIVER_VERSION/chromedriver_linux64.zip" > chromedriver.zip && \
    unzip chromedriver.zip -d /usr/local/bin && \
    rm chromedriver.zip


# Install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip && pip install -r requirements.txt

# Set and move to APP_HOME
ENV APP_HOME /app
WORKDIR $APP_HOME
ENV PYTHONPATH $APP_HOME
# Copy local code to the container image
COPY . .

requirements.txt

selenium==4.15.1

And, I created a simple main.py to just launch Selenium.

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

options = Options()
options.headless = True
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

driver.get('https://www.google.com')
print(driver.title) 

driver.quit()

What I did

I downloaded the drivers of version 119 and 120 from this link, set them in executable_path, and executed it, but the same error was returned. https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/#stable

Please help me!

Environment

MacOS 13.6 Apple M2 Docker desktop 4.21.1

Answer 1

In Selenium 4 executable_path is deprecated you have to use an instance of the Service() class with ChromeDriverManager().install()

• Deprecate all but Options and Service arguments in driver instantiation. (#9125,#9128)

https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/blob/d6acda7c0254f9681574bf4078ff2001705bf940/py/CHANGES#L101

You can try:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=Service(ChromeDriverManager().install()))
driver.get("https://www.your_website_.com")

---

Edit: After looking at your example I think you can try:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
service = Service(r"C:\chromedriver.exe")   # your path to chromedriver executable file
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=options)

driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)

driver.get('https://www.google.com')
print(driver.title) 

driver.quit()