I mean this white dot when a file has unsaved changes:
I couldn't find anything fitting here, only the border colors. Is it editable in the first place?
I don't think you can change the color of the dirty icon. I saw it requested in this issue (but no work done on that part): https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/issues/26284
For now, it is controlled by the tab.activeForeground
ThemeColor.