In this post, the answer said
Flushing: To sync the temporary state of your application data with the permanent state of the data (in a database, or on disk).
I think that the flush is executed when some buffer is written to an i/o device (like disk) by the write() system call.
So it seems that a data writing to a device with write() and the data flushing to the device are to do the same things.
If so, can I say that the flushing a data with fflush() and the writing the data with write() are completely same?
First, let's do the obvious thing:
For output streams (and for update streams on which the last operation was output), writes any unwritten data from the stream's buffer to the associated output device.
The C Standard doesn't state how the data is written to the output device. On Posix systems, most likely via write, other systems might have different (similar) interfaces.
Conceptually speaking, a flush will use the underlying write primitive to transmit the data from the buffer to the output device.
In short:
fflush() the same as write() -> No.fflush() uses write() -> Yes, most likely.fflush() and write() ensures the data to be written to the output device -> Yes.