in my document I have 2 different kinds of tables. Each of these is formated differently.
[frame="none", grid = "none", stripes=none]
[frame="topbot", grid = "rows", options="header"]
Width und cols I want to define for each table individually. Is there a way to define there format beforehand and just refer to this definitions?
Yes, you can use an attribute to define table parameters:
= Document
Lorem ipsum...
:table1: frame="none", grid = "none", stripes=none
:table2: frame="topbot", grid = "rows", options="header"
[{table1}, cols="a,a"]
|===
| A
| B
| A
| B
| A
| B
|===
[{table2}, cols="a,a,a"]
|===
| A
| B
| C
| A
| B
| C
| A
| B
| C
|===