Analytic function/logic to get min and max record date in Oracle

Question

I have a requirement to fetch value based on eff_dt and end date. given below sample data.

Database : Oracle 11g

Example data:

id	val	eff_date	end_date
10	100	01-Jan-21	04-Jan-21
10	105	05-Jan-21	07-Jan-21
10	100	08-Jan-21	10-Jan-21
10	100	11-Jan-21	17-Jan-21
10	100	18-Jan-21	21-Jan-21
10	110	22-Jan-21	null

output:

id	val	eff_date	end_date
10	100	01-Jan-21	04-Jan-21
10	105	05-Jan-21	07-Jan-21
10	100	08-Jan-21	21-Jan-21
10	110	22-Jan-21	null

Answer 1

You can use the ROW_NUMBER analytic function and then aggregate:

SELECT id,
       val,
       MIN(eff_date) AS eff_date,
       MAX(end_date) AS end_date
FROM   (
  SELECT t.*,
         ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id ORDER BY eff_date)
           - ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY id, val ORDER BY eff_date) AS grp
  FROM   table_name t
)
GROUP BY id, val, grp
ORDER BY id, eff_date;

Which, for the sample data:

CREATE TABLE table_name (id, val, eff_date, end_date) AS
SELECT 10, 100, DATE '2021-01-01', DATE '2021-01-04' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 105, DATE '2021-01-05', DATE '2021-01-07' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 100, DATE '2021-01-08', DATE '2021-01-10' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 100, DATE '2021-01-11', DATE '2021-01-17' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 100, DATE '2021-01-18', DATE '2021-01-21' FROM DUAL UNION ALL
SELECT 10, 110, DATE '2021-01-22', null FROM DUAL;

Outputs:

ID	VAL	EFF_DATE	END_DATE
10	100	2021-01-01 00:00:00	2021-01-04 00:00:00
10	105	2021-01-05 00:00:00	2021-01-07 00:00:00
10	100	2021-01-08 00:00:00	2021-01-21 00:00:00
10	110	2021-01-22 00:00:00	null

---

From Oracle 12, you can use MATCH_RECOGNIZE to perform row-by-row processing:

SELECT *
FROM   table_name t
MATCH_RECOGNIZE(
  PARTITION BY id
  ORDER BY eff_date
  MEASURES
    FIRST(val) AS val,
    FIRST(eff_date) AS eff_date,
    LAST(end_date) AS end_date
  PATTERN (same_val+)
  DEFINE same_val AS FIRST(val) = val
)

Which has the same output and is likely to be more efficient.

fiddle