how to replace certain part of python codes using def?

Question

I have many repeated codes with slightly different numbers. I'm trying to shorten my codes

driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])
driver.get (url2)
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[2])
driver.get (url3)
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[3])
driver.get (url4)
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[4])
driver.get (url5)
driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[5])
driver.get (url6)

I've tried this

def opentab(num):
    driver.execute_script("window.open('');")
    driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[{num-1}])
    driver.get (url{num})

But i'm getting error, "SyntaxError: invalid syntax"

I'm still very new to python. Any help would be much appreciated.

These are my URLs

url2 = "https://bet.hkjc.com/racing/pages/odds_wp.aspx?lang=en&date=2022-09-21&venue=HV&raceno=2"
url3 = "https://bet.hkjc.com/racing/pages/odds_wp.aspx?lang=en&date=2022-09-21&venue=HV&raceno=3"
url4 = "https://bet.hkjc.com/racing/pages/odds_wp.aspx?lang=en&date=2022-09-21&venue=HV&raceno=4"
url5 = "https://bet.hkjc.com/racing/pages/odds_wp.aspx?lang=en&date=2022-09-21&venue=HV&raceno=5"

Answer 1

Define your base url first and then use python format() function and pass the value.

url="https://bet.hkjc.com/racing/pages/odds_wp.aspx?lang=en&date=2022-09-21&venue=HV&raceno={}"
def opentab(num,url):
     driver.execute_script("window.open('');")    
     driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[num-1])
     driver.get (url.format(num))

opentab(2,url)
opentab(3,url)
opentab(4,url)
opentab(5,url)  

you can use the for loop as well.

url="https://bet.hkjc.com/racing/pages/odds_wp.aspx?lang=en&date=2022-09-21&venue=HV&raceno={}"
def opentab(num,url):
     driver.execute_script("window.open('');")    
     
     driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[num-1])
     print(url.format(num))
     driver.get (url.format(num))

for i in range(2,6):
  opentab(i,url)