Groovy to use variables as template

Question

In Groovy, is it possible to define variables as template first then use them later?

Like predefine body before knowing the content of subject:

body = 'Hello, ${subject}!'
subject = "World"

Then get Hello, World! from the body template (after the content of subject is defined) somehow?

Answer 1

You can use a closure inside a GString, so instead of capturing the value on creation of the GString, it gets evaluated when it has to manifest into a string.

body = "Hello, ${-> subject}!"
subject = "World"

println body
// → Hello, World!