Change the specific values of columns when there are so many columns using R

Question

I simplified the data df for demonstration purpose.

df<-data.frame(id=c(1,1,3,4,5,6,7),title_1=c("H","M","","M","L","L","H")
               ,title_2=c("M","M","","L","L","L","H")
               ,title_3=c("H","H","M","L","","M","M"))

what I want to do is change the values.If the value is null "", then I want to change it to 0. If the value is H, I want to change it to 3. If the value is M, I want to change it to 2. If the value is L, I want to change it to 1. The reason why I stuck here is because in my actual data, there are so many columns named as titel_1, title_2,title_3, ... ,title_100.So, I cannot type every columns to do this . So I need the code that is applicable to the data that has many columns.

Answer 1

You may try

library(dplyr)
df %>%
  mutate(across(everything(), ~replace(., . ==  "", 0)),
         across(everything(), ~replace(., . ==  "H", 3)),
         across(everything(), ~replace(., . ==  "M", 2)),
         across(everything(), ~replace(., . ==  "L", 1))
         )

  id title_1 title_2 title_3
1  1       3       2       3
2  1       2       2       3
3  3       0       0       2
4  4       2       1       1
5  5       1       1       0
6  6       1       1       2
7  7       3       3       2