I've searched a lot on the internet but still do not understand what the above line of code does. The question is in the title. Please Explain.
It may depend on the version of pip you're using. For me, there is no -u option:
$ pip --version pip 22.1.2 $ pip install numpy -u Usage: pip3 install [options] [package-index-options] ... pip3 install [options] -r [package-index-options] ... pip3 install [options] [-e] ... pip3 install [options] [-e] ... pip3 install [options] ... no such option: -u
It's possible you mean -U which is short for --upgrade.
$ pip install --help
...
Install Options:
...
-U, --upgrade Upgrade all specified packages to the newest
available version. The handling of dependencies
...
...
$ pip install numpy==1.22.0
Collecting numpy==1.22.0
Using cached numpy-1.22.0-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (14.7 MB)
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.22.0
pdunn@CHA-SHITEST11 /c/git/personal/python/pygame/game (master)
$ pip install -U numpy
Requirement already satisfied: numpy ... (1.22.0)
Collecting numpy
Using cached numpy-1.23.1-cp310-cp310-win_amd64.whl (14.6 MB)
Installing collected packages: numpy
Attempting uninstall: numpy
Found existing installation: numpy 1.22.0
Uninstalling numpy-1.22.0:
Successfully uninstalled numpy-1.22.0
Successfully installed numpy-1.23.1