private and public, how to make it work properly? -> C++

Question

I have been trying to make the string name; private. I left the correct font below without putting the "string name"; in particular. Well, all attempts failed to put the "string name; private. Does anyone know how I could do this correctly. I'm new to C++ and object-oriented programming.

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class Aluno
{

I would like to put string nome; in private, but it is not the same other functions

public:
    string nome;
    void setIda(int age)
    {
        if (age > 0 && age < 60)
            idade = age;
        else
            idade = 0;
    }
    int getIda()
    {
        return idade;
    }
    void setMatr(int matr)
    {
        if (matr > 0 && matr <= 1000)
            matricula = matr;
        else
            matricula = 0;
    }
    int getMatr()
    {
        return matricula;
    }

I would like call string nome; here

private:
    int matricula;
    int idade;
};

However, how could I call the functions string nome; in the int main()?

int main()
{
    Aluno *novo_aluno1 = new Aluno();
    Aluno *novo_aluno2 = new Aluno();

    novo_aluno1->nome = "John Smith";
    novo_aluno1->setIda(32);
    novo_aluno1->setMatr(999);

    novo_aluno2->nome = "Mary Smith";
    novo_aluno2->setIda(21);
    novo_aluno2->setMatr(998);

    cout << "\nNome: " << novo_aluno1->nome << "\n";
    cout << "Idade: " << novo_aluno1->getIda() << "\n";
    cout << "Matricula: " << novo_aluno1->getMatr() << "\n";

    cout << "\nNome: " << novo_aluno2->nome << "\n";
    cout << "Idade: " << novo_aluno2->getIda() << "\n";
    cout << "Matricula: " << novo_aluno2->getMatr() << endl;

    return 0;
}

Answer 1

A private parameter is only accesible from the class it is declared in. If you want to be able to get or set the information stored in a private field you have to make what we call (public) getters and setters methods.

private:
   std::string nome;

public:
   std::string get_nome()
   {
      return this->nome;
   }

   void set_nome(std::string var)
   {
      this->nome = var;
   }

Then your setters and getters can be called in main()